Examining the transfer of knowledge and training to smallholders in India: Direct and spillover effects of agricultural advisory services in an emerging economy

• We evaluate a large-scale model of agricultural advisory services, known as Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) or Farm Science Centers, introduced by the Government India. The study evaluates direct and spillover effects frontline demonstrations capacity-building programs conducted KVKs, then, examines gains in speed diffusion at aggregate. shows that impact is larger for KVK beneficiaries, substantial also arise network beneficiaries. underscores importance conducting interventions frequent intervals to influence adoption on India facilitate smallholder new technologies. first KVKs aimed promoting wheat variety (HD-2967); it then district level. study’s second objective estimate through social networks. identifies beneficiaries based “networks within sample” approach. uses matched difference-in-differences approach sample 1496 farmers Uttar Pradesh, finding positively HD-2967. magnitude impacts but frequently aggregate From policy perspective, offers insights strengthening outreach extension services designed transfer knowledge information, emphasizing demonstrations, programs, spillovers extending scope KVKs.